Hardware Purchasing Guidance¶
Several considerations should be made when shopping for new hardware:
- A service contract with Advanced-Exchange and a 24-hours or less On-Site SLA is preferred
- Drives need to be m.2, nvme, or sata SSD. No eMMC or flash.
- Memory should be DDR4 or DDR5, not flash or DDR3
- Dual-drives in RAID1 is preferred
- CPU should be able to provide at least 4 physical cores, hyper-threading is optional
- Wifi/Bluetooth are not desired for security reasons. A 4g/5g dongle is a valid substitute.
- Device should support HDMI or Displayport. VGA is neither required nor desired.
- Avoid Intel CPU generations older than Rocketlake, prefer Alderlake. (See the intel Code-Name chart at the bottom of this document)
- Avoid AMD CPUs not in the Zen2, Zen3, or Zen4 family. Especially avoid bulldozer.
- Favor products that are produced by partner who has a proven ability to supply devices in volume
- Avoid purchasing crowd-funded, limited-supply, or enthusiast devices due to supply issues.
Candidate Device Table¶
| Brand | Model | Price | CPU | Cores | Threads | CPU Year | RAM | HDD Size | HDD Type | RAID1 | Service |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | Optiplex 3000TC | €516.32 | Celeron N5105 | 4c | 4t | Q1 2021 | 8GB DDR4 | 256GB | m.2 NVMe | Mixed Possible | Yes |
| Intel | NUC10i5FNHCA | €499.00 | i5 10210U | 4c | 8t | Q3 2019 | 8GB DDR4 | 120GB | m.2 NVMe | Not Possible | Warranty |
| Chuwi | LarkBox X | €370.00 | Ryzen 7 3750H | 4c | 8t | Q1 2019 | 8GB DDR4 | 256GB | m.2 NVMe | NVMe Possible | No |
| BMAX | MaxMini B3 Plus | €250.00 | Celeron N5095 | 4c | 4t | Q1 2021 | 8GB DDR4 | 256GB | m.2 SATA | SATA Possible | No |
| ASRock | J5040-ITX | €235.00+ | Pentium J5040 | 4c | 4t | Q4 2019 | 8GB DDR4 | 250GB | SATA | SATA | No |
1. Optiplex 3000TC¶
A safe enterprise choice. Dell has robust support channels and supply chains, so getting replacements and support is usually easy. Dell will offer advance RMA on devices for clients that are able to perform satisfactory triage/troubleshooting on their own. They will also provide annual demo units of their next generation products so testing can be done before upgrades happen.
Specs:
- Intel Celeron CPU N5105 4c/4t
- 1 x 8 GB, DDR4
- M.2 256 GB PCIe NVMe Class 35 Solid State Drive
- No extra drive slot for raid
- ProSupport and 4 Hour Onsite Service (7x24), 12 Month(s)
- Price from Dell €516.32 - Store Link
2. Chuwi LarkBox X¶
This device represents the most powerful hardware of the list, but it comes at the expense of having no support and an unverified supply chain.
Specs:
- AMD Ryzen 7 3750H 4c/8t
- 8GB DDR4
- 256GB M.2 SSD
- Extra M.2 2280 port for NVME RAID1
- No support, probably not great supply chain
- Base price ~€370.00 - Store Link
Drive Upgrades:
- Samsung 970 Evo Plus 250 GB M.2-2280 (~60.00 each)
- Upgraded Price ~€490.00
3. BMAX MaxMini B3 Plus(2022)¶
BMAX also does not have any support, however their products are available from more vendors. The hardware is much less powerful than the Chuwi, and on-par with the Dell. The price shows the difference in having a support chain versus not.
Specs:
- Intel Celeron N5095 4c/4t
- 8GB DDR4 Memory
- 256GB M.2 2242 SATA SSD
- Extra drive slot for raid (SATA though, so slower)
- No support
- Price from various retailers ~€219.00-250.00 - Store Link
4. Asrock J5040-ITX¶
A DIY solution to use with custom cases
Specs:
- Intel Pentium J5040 4c/4t (onboard)
- Bare-bones Price from megekko.nl of €160.00
- Manufacturer Link
Required Additions:
- G.Skill Ripjaws 8 GB (1 x 8 GB) DDR4-2133 SODIMM CL15 Memory (€35.00)
- 2x Crucial MX500 250 GB SATA 6.0 Gb/s (€42.00 each)
- Upgraded Price ~€235.00, no case or power supply. choose your own.
5. Intel NUC NUC10i5FNHCA¶
The Intel NUC devices are generally considered reliable and performant and a bit more pricey than others. This discounted, older-gen model represents a good value for an 8-thread device.
Specs:
- Intel core i5 10210U 4c/8t (2019)
- 8gb DDR4 RAM
- 120GB Nvme SSD
- 499.00 from bol.com - Store Link
Intel CPU Codename Reference¶
| Codename | Genertion | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raptor Lake | 13th | 2022 | Not available yet |
| Alder Lake | 12th | 2021 | First generation to combine E and P cores in Big/Little design |
| Rocket Lake | 11th | 2021 | Last generation of cpus without E cores |
| Ice Lake | 10th | 2020 | 2nd generation microarchitecture based on the 10 nm node |
| Cascade Lake | 9th Xeons only | 2019 | Successor to Intel Skylake, 14 nanometer |
| Amber Lake | 8th and 10th | 2018 | Intel Core mobile low power 8th and 10th generation CPUs. |
| Cannon Lake | 8th | 2017 | Die shrink of Skylake to 10 nm |
| Coffee Lake | 8th | 2017 | 2nd generation of 14 nm process refinement |
| Kaby Lake | 7th | 2016 | Successor to the Skylake microarchitecture, using the same 14 nm process. |
| Skylake | 6th,7th & 9th | 2015 | Successor to the Haswell microarchitecture. |
| Bay Trail | N and J | 2014 | Intel Atom Processor E3800 Product Family and Intel Celeron Processor N2807/N2930/J1900 |
| Broadwell | 5th and 6th | 2014 | Die shrink of Haswell from 22 nm to 14 nm |
| Haswell | 4th | 2013 | Successor to the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, using the same 22 nm process |
| IvyBridge | 3rd | 2012 | Die shrink of Sandy Bridge from 32 nm to 22 nm, with minor architectural improvements and faster graphics. |
| Sandybridge | 2nd | 2011 | Successor to the Nehalem microarchitecture. Manufactured on the same 32 nm process as Westmere. |